Microplate reader comparison: specifications and features

<0.15 pM / <3 amol (384 small-volume, 20 µL).

<2 pM (module 1001, 485/535 nm; 50 µL, 384 OptiPlate) = 100 amol; a comparison sheet gives 200 amol. Flash count not stated.

Excitation exists at 340, 355, 400, 485, 535, 555 and 632 nm only. A dye in between has no module. The filter-module list is sparse.

<0.15 pM / <3 amol (384sv black, 20 µL). 1536: <0.5 pM (8 µL).

Free-air light path: lenses, no fiber bundles.

iD5 only: 3 pM guaranteed, 0.5 pM optimized (384; volume not stated). iD3: no filters.

The iD3 has no filter path at all; every iD3 fluorescence read is a monochromator read.

0.25 pM / 25 amol (384, works out to 100 µL). Manual guarantee: ≤10 pM (96-well; 3 pM typical in the IFU).

Filters read from the top only. The sheet figure is 40× better than the guarantee.

0.2 pM / 4 amol (384 low-volume, 20 µL), typical. 1536: 1 pM (10 µL). BioTek’s brochure calls these “the average observed factory test values”; the 2016 manual (Appendix A) guarantees <5 pM filters and ≤20 pM monochromator, 25× and 10× the averages.

Sensitivity is qualified at Normal speed with 50 measurements per point; the 11 s sweep-mode speed on the same sheet comes from a different setting.

Standard: ≤25 amol in 100 µL = 0.25 pM. Enhanced: ≤8 amol in 10 µL (1536) = 0.8 pM. Calculated.

Quoted at fluorescein, the one color the standard module’s single 510 nm dichroic sits at. The manual’s binding spec for the standard module is <10 pM (40× the brochure).

<0.5 pM / <10 amol (384sv, 20 µL).

Not offered. Fluorescence intensity is monochromator only; the Varioskan’s filters serve luminescence, Alpha, BRET and TRF.

There is no filter path to fall back on when a fluorescence assay needs more light.

<1.0 pM / <50 amol (384 glass-bottom, 50 µL).

Not published. Bottom FI is offered; the spec sheet gives no figure. “On-the-fly mode is not available when measuring from below.”

<1.0 pM (384g black, 50 µL). Same optic module reads top or bottom; autofocus.

From the bottom it still reads both emission colors at once, plus luminescence and Alpha.

Not published for filters; the published bottom figure is the monochromator one (2.5 pM optimized).

Read height “should be optimized for each new lot of microplates or assay volume used.”

Not offered. Filters read top only; every bottom read is a monochromator read.

1 pM (100 µL, 384). Fixed bottom focus. Bottom reads need their own cubes and exist only on dual-top-PMT builds.

BioTek’s 2012 guide: bottom sensitivity “not demonstrated.” One bottom detector, so no simultaneous dual emission from below.

Standard: ≤500 amol (100 µL) = 5 pM. Enhanced: ≤180 amol (10 µL) = 18 pM. Calculated.

Twenty times the top figure on the same sheet.

<2.5 pM / <125 amol (384g, 50 µL).

Not offered (no filter FI).

<0.35 pM / <7 amol (384sv, 20 µL). Best monochromator figure published on any reader in this matrix.

The monochromator is about 2× less sensitive than the filters on the same sheet; the other readers lose 2× to 10×.

Not offered. No monochromator in any mode.

No monochromator. Filter optic modules only.

Built for screening: every assay reads through a module made for its colors.

6 pM guaranteed, 1 pM optimized (384; volume not stated). The iD3’s only fluorescence path.

MD’s own brochure rates its filters “10–40 times more sensitive than conventional monochromator based detection” in the near-IR. The iD3 has no filters.

2.5 pM / 250 amol (384, 100 µL): 10× worse than its own filters. Manual guarantee ≤20 pM (96-well).

Fixed 16 nm band on most builds. A core facility taped a sign above its Synergy: “Please measure nano orange and mCherry plates with filter cubes, not with the monochromator!”

2 pM / 40 amol (384 low-volume, 20 µL): ten times less sensitive than its own filters.

BioTek’s 2012 newsletter: “Filters are more optically efficient and will give you the best performance.”

Standard: ≤50 amol (100 µL) = 0.5 pM. Enhanced: ≤20 amol (10 µL) = 2 pM. Manual spec for the standard module: <20 pM.

Tecan’s own tech note prices its monochromator at 1.5–1.7× on one arm and 2.6× on both and calls that “comparable results.” The brochure figure uses the 510 nm dichroic; a dye away from fluorescein reads through a 50% mirror.

<0.8 pM / <16 amol (384sv, 20 µL).

Under twice the filter figure (calculated).

<400 amol per well (black 384; volume not stated) = 4 pM at 100 µL or 20 pM at 20 µL (calculated for both).

Its only fluorescence path, through an emission slit fixed at 12 nm. In a lab’s own PicoGreen QC test it failed the lab’s 20% CV limit; a fluorescein series across 3–400 amol read flat on it.

<3.0 pM / <150 amol (384g, 50 µL).

Not offered.

No monochromator.

2.5 pM optimized (384), against 1 pM from the top: 2.5× weaker (calculated). Guaranteed bottom figure: not published.

4 pM / 400 amol (384). Manual guarantee ≤20 pM (96-well). The only bottom path the H1 has.

2.5 pM (100 µL, 384). Fixed bottom focus.

Standard: ≤800 amol (100 µL) = 8 pM. Enhanced: ≤220 amol (10 µL) = 22 pM. Calculated.

Enhanced monochromator: 20 amol top against 220 bottom on the same plate and volume, 11× worse from below.

<3.5 pM / <175 amol (384g, 50 µL).

<4 fmol (4,000 amol) per well: ten times less sensitive than its own top read. Nothing refocuses; the plate adapter sets the height.

At 100 µL that is 40 pM; at 20 µL, 200 pM (calculated).

8 decades in a single measurement (Enhanced Dynamic Range): a test flash picks a factory-calibrated gain per well, inside the delay the read already has.

Works in kinetics, with injectors and with a stacker. The user never sets a gain. Flying mode, the fastest read, runs at a fixed gain without EDR; in standard mode EDR’s test flash fits inside the pause the read already takes.

No gain to set on the Ultra-sensitive photon counter and no published count-rate ceiling. Filter-path PMTs: no gain setting in any Kaleido 4.1 operation; the only bright-sample control it names is an “Attenuated” filter-module property.

None of the ten operation parameter lists in the Kaleido 4.1 manual (Rev E) has a gain, PMT-voltage or sensitivity entry, and the 2026 filter list (2321302) shows no module marked attenuated.

8 decades in one visit to the well (EDR). 700,000,000 counts.

Works in kinetics and with a stacker. Flying mode, the fastest read, runs at a fixed gain without EDR; in standard mode EDR’s test flash fits inside the pause the read already takes.

Kinetics run at a fixed gain chosen before the run, “a nominal dynamic range of three decades” per gain (MD, 2026). Endpoints get AutoPMT: a pre-read at High, then re-reads of saturated wells at Medium and Low.

MD’s own Figure 3: High saturates at 33 nM, Medium at 333 nM, Low is “losing sensitivity at low concentration.” The iD5 widens range for endpoints by re-reading saturated wells and, in fluorescence, by adjusting lamp intensity; it can’t do that in a kinetic or in luminescence. “For kinetic read, the PMT settings have to be fixed”; each gain covers “a nominal dynamic range of three decades.”

A single read tops out at 99,999 RFU; the manual’s remedy for saturation is “Try lowering the gain/sensitivity” (read again). BioTek’s 2010 table gave 5 decades; the 2026 sheet says 7 for the same model.

Gain is set per read, by number or scaled to a well the user picks as brightest.

Fixed gain per read, ceiling 10 million counts. “Auto-ranging” runs a gain check on every well and adds minutes per plate. BioTek support: use manual gain “for kinetic tests, rapid reads or for tests that require high sensitivity.”

Extended range by re-reading is possible for endpoints; for flash luminescence BioTek’s own tips say it is “simply not possible.”

One gain, chosen before the read, about 3–4 decades usable (inferred from Tecan’s help text). Tecan’s “extended dynamic range” is “Two consecutive measurement runs with a high and a low amplification” with the listed drawback “Long measurement times.”

Every one of Tecan’s four gain modes has a printed “Disadvantages” panel. Optimal mode: “If signal intensities within one plate are very far spread, certain signals might not be detected any more.” Two passes means the same well is read twice, at two moments; a kinetic can’t hold its timing. The two-pass method does widen the effective range for endpoints. Extended range is “Two consecutive measurement runs”; its listed drawback: “Long measurement times.”

8 decades in a single measurement (EDR), gain set per well in <0.1 s.

Auto gain picks one of four calibrated gains per well from a trial flash. Product page commits to FI >6 decades; the tech note shows seven.

Whether auto gain runs in kinetic reads: not published. The gain is chosen before the signal moves.

Nobody. EDR picks a calibrated gain per well from a test flash. Manual gain is available.

No gain on Ultra-sensitive luminescence or HT Alpha (“Only one detector”). Filter path: no gain setting in any of the ten Kaleido 4.1 measurement operations.

Revvity does not say in words whether the filter-path PMT gain is fixed or automatic inside the instrument; Kaleido offers no control, and the “Attenuated” filter-module property is its only bright-sample lever.

Nobody on current units (EDR). Flying mode runs at a fixed gain.

The user, before a kinetic (“the PMT settings have to be fixed”); AutoPMT for endpoints only. Two wavelengths lock the gain at High.

The “gain locked at High for multiple-wavelength reads” sentence comes from the SoftMax Pro 7.0.2 guide for the i3x; no iD guide confirms it yet.

The user, per read: a number, or scaled to the well the user picks as brightest.

The user, per read, or auto-ranging per well at a time cost.

The user, before the read, from four modes (manual, calculated from well, optimal, extended). Each mode has a printed disadvantage.

Optimal: “Signals between different runs might not be comparable.” Calculated from well: “If any signal intensities from another well are higher, the detector might be oversaturated.”

Nobody (EDR).

The reader, one of four gains from a trial flash before each well; kinetic behavior not published.

One low-noise PMT; red-shifted PMT option to 900 nm; CCD spectrometer for absorbance. Two colors read one after the other.

Two PMTs on the filter path (230–850 nm), simultaneous dual channel via dual-channel module. One PMT, 400–650 nm, on the Ultra-sensitive/HT-Alpha module, no filters. Photodiode for absorbance.

The most sensitive mode is one detector, one color, top only. BRET and any two-color luminescence drop to a less sensitive rung. The single-PMT “Nexus One” (2026) has no simultaneous pair at all.

Two matched pairs of PMTs (low-noise pair for FI/FP/lum; red-shifted pair for TR-FRET) plus a CCD spectrometer. Both channels of any ratio read at the same instant, top or bottom.

Simultaneous dual emission in FI, FP, luminescence, TR-FRET and Alpha, from the same flash, on identical detectors.

One “ultra-cooled” PMT for every mode, emission to 850 nm. Two colors one after the other. Photocathode type not named.

A tube that reaches 850 nm is red-extended and carries high dark current; the cooling is what makes it usable. Field experience: in luminescence it is “just good enough to be bad.” No warm-up, stability or drift figure is published.

One PMT per light path (one monochromator, one filter cube); photodiode for absorbance; red-shifted option to 900 nm. Two colors one after the other.

Saturates at 99,999 RFU.

Up to three PMTs. The two top detectors are different types: one extended into the red, one lower-noise that “isn’t responsive above 700nm.” Bottom: one PMT. Simultaneous dual emission top only, Dual Filter Top builds only, and the cube for it is special order (“please contact BioTek”).

A simultaneous ratio compares readings from two different kinds of tube. BioTek’s own installation test allows the red-shifted tube ten times the luminescence detection limit of the low-noise one (≤500 vs ≤50 amol). Choose two blue tubes and TR-FRET suffers; two red and BRET is ruined; one of each and neither is good.

One fluorescence PMT, one photon-counting luminescence PMT, a photodiode for absorbance. Every two-color fluorescence ratio is two reads. NanoBRET: donor then acceptor, 300 ms each.

One low-noise PMT; CCD spectrometer. Two colors read one after the other. No red-shifted option.

One PMT for every mode. Two colors one after the other. Luminescence calibration includes a dark-level drift check and expires every 10 minutes.

8–100 nm, continuously, in 1 nm steps, excitation and emission set separately.

Widest bandwidth published on any reader in this matrix. No slit: the band is the overlap of two linear variable filters.

Not applicable: no monochromator. Bandwidth is whatever the fitted filter module carries.

Not applicable: no monochromator. Bandwidth is set by the filters in each optic module, chosen when the module is built.

Fixed: 15 nm excitation, 25 nm emission. No bandwidth setting.

Fixed 16 nm on most builds, including the MF hybrid. 9–50 nm only on the four M2 part numbers.

Agilent’s own H1 page says variable bandwidth delivers “increased sensitivity and increased specificity,” so by Agilent’s account the 16 nm builds give up both.

3–50 nm, “wavelength dependent,” 1 nm steps.

Standard: fixed 20 nm. Enhanced: 5–50 nm.

Tecan on its own standard module: the 20 nm band “allows detection of too much background signal” and gives “a decreased dynamic range.” Tecan on its own grating: light is “approximately proportional to the square of the slit width,” so narrowing the band costs light fast.

8–100 nm (93 settings), excitation and emission.

From a comparison table sent to a customer; not printed on the spec page.

Excitation 5 or 12 nm. Emission “permanently set to 12 nm and cannot be changed.” Excitation and emission must sit at least 17 nm apart (24 nm with both at 12).

GFP emits over ~30 nm; a 12 nm slit leaves most of that undetected. Not on the product page or brochure; it is in the SkanIt technical manual.

Two linear variable filter (LVF) slides per monochromator, no grating, no slit. Light outside the band must pass two overlapping filters.

Tecan’s 2023 sales slide said LVFs give “less defined peaks”; BMG’s answer is to show the spectral scans.

Not applicable: filter modules only. The manual: “It is advisable to insert the filter module in position 1 in order to obtain the best results.”

The slots are not equal.

Not applicable. Filters on a free-air light path, no light guides.

Grating monochromator. Blocking: the only stray-light figure published is for absorbance, ≤0.05% at 260 nm and 280 nm; no out-of-band rejection figure is given for the fluorescence or luminescence monochromators. MD, 2004 (GEMINI line): “a considerable amount of lamp light is reflected into emission beam. Raw background is much higher than in cuvette.”

The iD3 guide (Table A-2, p. 106) gives the same absorbance figure; the newer iD5e guide and brochure list it at 230 nm and 280 nm. The 2004 deck predates the iD series; the geometry it describes is the same.

Grating monochromators. Blocking figure: not published. The error table, on a monochromator read: “the luminescence probe may be picking up stray light. Try installing a plug in the filter cube.”

Stray light can reach the detector, and the fix is a part in the cube.

Grating monochromator on its own light path; Agilent calls it a “quad monochromator.” Out-of-band blocking figure for the fluorescence path: not published. The only stray-light number Agilent prints is for absorbance: 0.03% at 230 nm.

A BioTek-era Neo2 brochure (undated, hosted by a Harvard core facility) says “Four holographic gratings are used to eliminate stray light” but its own spec table lists “Double grating monochromators (top/bottom)”; neither version gives an OD or percent rejection figure.

Grating monochromators (“QuadX”); Tecan’s guide says the fluorescence module uses “double monochromators.” Blocking: 10⁶ for a double monochromator (10³ for a single one), a generic figure with no Spark-specific measurement. Tecan on the single-monochromator 10³: “this blocking is often not sufficient” for fluorescence.

This is the Spark’s own guide (v2.2, p. 163), the same passage the matrix had quoted from the Infinite 200 manual; superscripts are flattened to “103” and “106” in the text layer, and the guide’s worked example (10.000 counts vs 10 counts) confirms 10³.

LVF, no grating, no slit. BMG: LVFs “eliminate the stray light issues found in conventional monochromators.”

Gratings and slits; light guides carry light to and from the well. Light is lost at four points (excitation slit, delivery optic, emission light guide, emission slit).

Thermo’s 17 nm minimum separation rule exists “to prevent any stray light from the excitation light from interfering with the emission light.”

No. Linear Variable Dichroic, 340–740 nm (to 760 nm with the red-shifted PMT): the mirror slides to match whatever wavelength the user sets, on every read. Patented.

The mirror is matched to the dye at every setting, with nothing to buy or fit.

Not applicable: no monochromator. Every wavelength is a filter module, and the module list is fixed (7 excitation wavelengths).

Not applicable. Every optic module carries its own dichroic matched to its colors.

No dichroic on the monochromator path. Nothing to swap, and nothing matched to the dye.

The monochromator path has no dichroic. BioTek: “Dichroic mirrors provide better sensitivity than 50% mirrors, but they are dye-specific.”

The monochromator path gets none of that sensitivity; the cube does, one dye at a time.

The monochromator path has no dichroic at all; dichroics sit in the filter cubes. No tunable dichroic anywhere in the reader.

Yes. Standard module: one dichroic, at 510 nm, plus a 50% mirror. Enhanced: 510, 560 and 625 nm built in. Five more (410, 430, 458, 593, 660 nm) are “user-selectable” parts shipped in “a metal box… (including Allen key for installation).”

Tecan: “Combining QuadX Monochromators with dichroic mirrors gives the Spark reader industry-leading sensitivity.” Away from the fitted colors the light goes through the 50% mirror, which PerkinElmer’s manual says collects “only 25% of the possible emission signal.” The fluorescein spec is quoted at the one color the standard mirror sits at.

No. Linear variable dichroic, 340–740 nm, tracks the wavelength on every read.

No dichroic anywhere. Gratings, slits and light guides; no part of the path adjusts to the dye.

A new number in the software. Type the wavelengths in 1 nm steps or pick the dye by name; both LVF monochromators and the dichroic move to match.

A new filter module, if Revvity makes one. 43 modules in the catalog; no custom modules. A pharma HTS site: “when they ask for a module for a new fluor they can’t get one.”

A protocol won’t start unless every module it names is loaded.

An optic module built for that color; “Any excitation and emission combination can be built to order.” Six positions, the sixth usually reserved for luminescence, so five assay modules sit in the reader at once; swap by hand in seconds; bar-coded. Lead time: not published (BMG’s site says delivery depends on configuration).

BMG’s Optic Modules page speaks of “five module bays,” which matches the five free for assay modules.

iD3: a software setting (monochromator only). iD5: a filter slide to buy, or the monochromator; standard kit is 350/60, 490/10, 616/10 plus polarizers; HTRF needs its own set.

New filters fitted by hand into the one cube (6-week lead time for custom), or the monochromator at 10× less sensitivity. BioTek’s own guide recommends 28 cube combinations for its fluorescent-protein list, for a reader that holds one cube.

A new filter cube, or the monochromator at 10× less sensitivity. Custom filters: “typical lead time of 6 weeks.” Every custom cube reads as ID 255: “It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that the correct custom filter cube is installed.”

Away from the fitted mirror colors: a 50% mirror and a quarter of the light at best, or a dichroic bought, stored and fitted by the user with an Allen key. A dye 10 nm away can mean a new part.

Someone in the lab keeps the mirror box, the Allen key and the record of which mirror is in.

A software setting. Filters: four excitation and four emission in slides; more by quote.

Fluorescence: a software setting, through the fixed 12 nm slit. Luminescence, BRET, Alpha, TRF: an emission filter bought separately and fitted with a pick-up tool inside the LAT module.

No. Top or bottom is picked in software; autofocus to 0.1 mm on both sides. Bottom reading is a module.

Top and bottom for FI, TRF and standard luminescence. Top only: FP, Enhanced and Ultra-sensitive luminescence, both Alpha modes. In aperture modes the measurement height can’t be adjusted.

No. The same optic module reads top or bottom, in every mode including luminescence and Alpha; switch in software; autofocus.

No (software switch). Bottom luminescence is a factory-installed option at 300/400 pM against 10/20 pM from the top (30× and 20× weaker, calculated).

Yes, in effect: filters read top only, so a bottom read means switching to the monochromator path. FP can’t be read from the bottom at all.

Yes. The cube that reads from the top does not read from the bottom: “Users may need to purchase two GFP modules.” One bottom cube fits at a time. Fixed bottom focus. Luminescence reads from the top only. Nothing two-color possible from the bottom.

No BRET, GeneBLAzer or any two-color read from the bottom, where most cell assays want to be read.

No for fluorescence (software switch, auto Z-focus both sides). Luminescence from the bottom: not confirmed in Tecan’s manual.

No. Automatic switching, no hardware to move; autofocus 0.1 mm; FP, luminescence and TR-FRET all read from the bottom.

No; switched in software. No focus adjustment from either side; the plate adapter sets the height. Bottom luminescence not offered.

Unlimited on the monochromator path (software). Filter slides are software-identified; the excitation and emission slides each hold 4 filters.

BMG's CLARIOstar Plus spec page says the same twice: “Ex and em slides hold 4 filters each” and “Excitation and emission slides for 4 filters each”. The page does not say how many dual-emission pairs that allows.

Six filter-module positions (Kaleido numbers them 1-6). Dual-channel filter modules read both colors at once; the Ultra-sensitive module reads one color.

The six comes from Kaleido's “Position in Instrument” property; Revvity's spec sheet and flyers give no count.

Six optic modules in the reader at once (five included), one of them the luminescence module; each is one assay. Swap by hand in seconds, bar-coded.

Dual-emission is simultaneous on every one of them.

iD5 filter slides, auto-ID; slot count per slide is not published. The guide says only that “The first slot on the tab end of the filter slide is always empty” and that a protocol can “define up to four wavelength pairs.” iD3: monochromator only (software). The Enhanced TRF module sits “on the transport slide”; what still fits beside it is not stated.

The Standard Filter Kit is listed as “seven filters and two filter slides,” which does not state slide capacity.

One cube, two filter sets; an FP cube holds one set. Dual emission is sequential on one PMT. Swapping the whole cube is “the BioTek-recommended option.”

One. Two cube slots on top; a dual-emission cube (FP, TR-FRET, Alpha) takes both, and the cube is special order. Changing assay means taking cubes out: Gen5 “prompt[s] for filter cube installation at runtime, if necessary.” Two cube slots, and an unattended run stops to ask for a cube. Many assays require both cube slots, so frequent manual changes are required. Not automation friendly.

An unattended run that needs another cube stops and waits for a person.

Mirror slide: 1 dichroic position (standard), 3 (enhanced); others user-fitted. Filter slides: 6 filter positions per slide, one excitation slide and one emission slide. Enhanced luminescence picks from 38 internal filters the user can’t choose.

Tecan cautions that “Any changes to the filters in the filter slide are to be carried out by trained personnel!”

Unlimited on the monochromator path. Filters: 4 excitation + 4 emission in slides.

Filter nest inside the LAT module with eight configurable filter positions (plus open and blocked). Each change is a five-step tool job. Dual emission sequential on one PMT.

Luminescence, AlphaScreen and TRF emission filters are customer-installed (p. 41), and the manual's filter table (Table 8-25, p. 99) lists no filters, only a referral to a sales representative.

Red-shifted PMT option: monochromator to 840 nm, filters to 900 nm, tunable dichroic tracks to 760 nm.

Filter-path PMTs reach 850 nm, but excitation modules stop at 632 nm and the Ultra-sensitive detector at 650 nm.

The module list sets the far-red limit.

Red-shifted matched PMT pair; modules for any excitation/emission built to order (Cy5 590→675 in the catalog).

iD3: far-red on the monochromator only, the path MD rates “10–40 times” weaker in the near-IR. iD5: red filter slides are extra.

Standard PMT stops at 700 nm; red-shifted option to 900 nm at the cost of the luminescence guarantee (≤75 → ≤500 amol).

The lower-noise top tube “isn’t responsive above 700nm” and the bottom tube is the same type. BioTek applications specialist (2013): “huge problems for FP and BRET applications in the far-red range.”

Tecan’s Alexa 647 benchmark (1.14 pM) used 100 flashes, 100 µL and “Dichroic mirror: Auto.” The standard module has no far-red dichroic; the 660 nm mirror is a user-fitted part.

Filters and monochromators to 740 nm; no red-shifted PMT option.

Emission to 840 nm, monochromator only, through the fixed 12 nm slit. Far-red sensitivity not published.

Xenon flash lamp; laser modules for Alpha. In-run calibration: none documented.

Xenon flash lamp; optional 343 nm diode-pumped solid-state TRF laser (“< 200 µJ” per pulse); 700 mW or 400 mW Alpha laser depending on mode.

PerkinElmer’s 2008 stacker rule: reduce gain or excitation light 10–20% in advance so a bright plate doesn’t saturate.

Xenon flash lamp; dedicated TRF laser (60 flashes/s) and Alpha laser options.

Xenon flash lamp. No warm-up, stability or drift figure published for the cooled PMT.

Xenon flash lamp, “not user-changeable.” No laser offered.

Two xenon flash lamps, 20 W for the monochromator and 5 W for the filters, both “(not user-changeable)”; TRF laser on 7 of 19 part numbers; Alpha laser.

Two wear parts where one would do, by field report.

Xenon flash lamp; 680 nm, 750 mW Alpha laser. In-run calibration: only the absorbance module is described, with a reference photodiode on the beam and a reference reading with the plate carrier out of the beam before the plate is measured. No reference detector is described for fluorescence or luminescence.

For fluorescence the guide mentions only stored data (“Calibration data is saved on the instrument and intensity value corrections are performed automatically”); its error table lists dark-count and “Lamp low error” checks but describes no correction.

Xenon flash lamp. A reference channel measures every flash and corrects each reading; BMG: “No calibration of optical components is required.”

Xenon flash lamp; 680 nm LED for Alpha. Calibration expires every 10 minutes in FI, TRF, luminescence and Alpha (one hour in absorbance); if the protocol leaves no gap the results carry a warning that accuracy “may have suffered.”

A kinetic has to be spaced around the calibration clock. How long a calibration takes: not published.

Flash: <0.4 pM / <8 amol ATP (384sv, 20 µL). Glow: <150 amol (comparison sheet).

Best flash figure published on any reader in this matrix (tied with the FSX).

Spec sheet (ATPlite 1step, 384 AlphaPlate, 15 µL): Standard <0.25 pM, Enhanced <0.025 pM, Ultra-sensitive <0.001 pM. Revvity’s own technical note, same kit, plate and volume, 1 s integration: 138.77 / 85.99 / 8.29 pM.

The <0.001 pM figure implies detecting about one photon every 42 seconds, which is not physically achievable. Black 384 plates give a 4–5× worse LLOQ (Revvity’s own Table 2). The Ultra-sensitive mode is an option, one color, top only. Revvity’s own technical note measured its luminescence 8,290× worse than its spec sheet.

Flash: <0.4 pM / <8 amol ATP (384sv white, 20 µL). Dedicated luminescence optics on the low-noise PMT pair, top or bottom.

10 pM (96) / 20 pM (384) guaranteed, ATPlite; live spec page prints 2 / 4 pM. The sensitive “All Wavelengths” setting covers 300–650 nm; no figure for the monochromator path.

One cooled red-reaching PMT does luminescence. Field experience: just good enough to be bad.

Data sheet: 10 amol filters, 20 amol monochromator, no plate, no flash or glow stated. Manual guarantee: ≤75 amol/well, 96-well (30 typical); ≤500 amol with the red-shifted PMT.

The guarantee is 7.5× the sheet (calculated). BioTek’s own Gaussia note: “some additional signal variability… in the final three decades,” the dim end.

Data sheet: 5 amol “typical” (384 low-volume; no read time, no detector named). Manual: “≤ 50 amol/well, 10 amol typical,” 96-well, 200 µL, 10 s per well. Installation pass line with the red-shifted tube: “≤ 500 amol.”

500 amol is 10× the manual’s spec, 50× the manual’s typical and 100× the data-sheet headline (different plate; calculated). Read through the cube’s “empty filter position,” with no aperture between plate and optics.

Glow ≤225 amol (25 µL, Biothema kit) = 9 pM. Flash ≤12 amol (55 µL, ENLITEN kit) = 0.22 pM. Calculated. Tecan’s Reference Guide specification: glow < 10 pM (384, 100 µL, 1 s per well); flash < 0.8 pM at 10 s per well (384, 100 µL).

Tecan’s own note on its warm chamber: glow signal +34% in six minutes at 4 °C above ambient, CV 7.7% against 0.3% at ambient. Tecan says the electronics warm the chamber by up to +4 °C. The guide’s flash figure is 3.7× the brochure’s 0.218 pM and needs 10 seconds per well: about an hour for a 384-well plate (calculated).

<0.8 pM / <15 amol ATP (384sv, 20 µL).

<7 amol ATP (white 384; assay and volume not published). Detects 360–670 nm.

Bottom luminescence not offered. Calibration expires every 10 minutes.

Luminescence reads top or bottom, switched in software. Bottom figure: not published; BMG gives one LUM figure, < 0.4 pM (< 8 amol/well ATP, 384sv, 20 µL), with no top/bottom label, and lists bottom sensitivity only for fluorescence.

BMG’s bottom-reading page: its readers “require no displacement or installation of additional hardware (dichroics, apertures, filters, or mirrors) when switching between top and bottom reading modes.”

Standard luminescence only. Enhanced and Ultra-sensitive are top only.

Top or bottom on the same optics, matched PMT pair, simultaneous dual emission from below. Bottom figure: not published; BMG gives one LUM figure, < 0.4 pM (< 8 amol/well ATP, 384sv white, 20 µL), with no top/bottom label, and lists a bottom figure only for fluorescence intensity (< 1.0 pM FITC, 384g black, 50 µL).

300 pM (96) / 400 pM (384), a factory-installed option: 30× and 20× weaker than the top (calculated).

Not published; luminescence reads through the filter path (top) or the monochromator.

Not offered. Luminescence “from the top of 6- to 384-well plates” only.

No BRET or two-color luminescence from the bottom.

Not confirmed. No bottom luminescence found in Tecan’s manual (field notes).

Luminescence from the bottom offered. Bottom figure: not published; BMG gives one LUM figure, < 0.8 pM (< 15 amol/well ATP, 384sv, 20 µL), with no top/bottom label, and lists bottom figures only for fluorescence intensity.

BMG's own wording that bottom luminescence is offered: “Full top/bottom detection capability with automatic switch” (product page features).

Not offered (user reports).

8 decades in a single measurement (EDR), bright and dim wells on one plate without a second read.

Revvity: “>8 logs” (Ultra-sensitive). No dead time, correction or overflow limit published. Analysis of a pharma customer’s paired plates found counting losses consistent with a ~48 ns dead time (about 20% at 5.4 million counts/s, before any correction).

Ask Revvity what Kaleido does about dead time and what appears when the detector’s over-light line goes high. Revvity documents no warning when high standards start to compress; in the customer’s plates, Z′ improved as signal was lost. The loss figures are before any dead-time correction. Past saturation, a counter’s reading falls as light rises, and no correction can recover that.

8 decades in one visit to the well (EDR). 200,000,000 counts

>7 decades as an endpoint figure (AutoPMT per well). Kinetics: a fixed gain, “a nominal dynamic range of three decades.” Low gain “requires Attenuation/Optical Density setting 0–3.”

The lamp-intensity trick that widens fluorescence range does not exist in luminescence.

Not published in decades or counts. Gen5 marks overflow above 99,998 counts; in BioTek’s own luciferase note the operator set the gain by hand to stay “below the photomultiplier tube (PMT) saturation threshold (overflow).”

Agilent: “> 6 decades.” With flash assays, extended range is “simply not possible” (BioTek’s own tips).

The Neo2 can widen effective range for glow endpoints by re-reading at a second gain.

>9 decades with gray attenuation filters (OD1–OD3; standard module OD1, OD2) chosen before the read. The enhanced module’s extra decade is the OD3 filter (inferred).

The Spark reaches those decades by picking a dimming filter before the read; the plate is still read at one gain. The Spark can also widen effective range by reading the plate twice.

8 decades in a single measurement (EDR).

>7 decades. Every luminescence calibration adds a dark-level check “to compensate for possible electronic component and photomultiplier signal level drift”; calibration expires every 10 minutes.

Yes. Luminescence through filters (240–740 nm) or the LVF monochromator (320–740 nm) at bandwidths to 100 nm; luminescence spectra. The default path bypasses both for maximum photons.

Promega dual-luciferase certified through the LVF at 100 nm bandwidth.

No. No monochromator in any mode.

No monochromator. Luminescence through dedicated filter optics, matched PMT pair.

Yes, monochromator path to 850 nm; its sensitivity is not published. The live spec page prints “Lumi: 300–850 nm” with no qualifier.

The headline range comes from the path with no published sensitivity.

Yes, for spectral scans, at the fixed 16 nm band on most builds.

Yes, luminescence spectra on the monochromator, 230–999 nm. Sensitive luminescence runs through the cube’s empty filter position.

Enhanced module only: software picks from 38 internal filters; the user can’t. Standard module: single-color luminescence. Luminescence spectra on the enhanced module.

Center wavelength and bandwidth show up grayed out in SparkControl.

Yes. Filters (240–740 nm) or LVF monochromators (320–740 nm), spectra included.

Yes, spectral luminescence up to 384-well, through the fixed 12 nm emission slit.

Yes. BMG’s application note AN371: an aperture spoon “is set up directly on top of the target well.” Crosstalk figure: not published on bmglabtech.com.

AN371 (2022) gives mathematical crosstalk-correction factors (white 0.05353%, gray 0.01277%, black 0.00026%), not an aperture crosstalk figure.

Yes, but hand-swapped per plate format, in gloves, through a transfer plate and a wizard. 2023 manual: the match “is not validated by the software,” beside a legend reading “Does not produce reasonable data or even damages the instrument.” The 2024 warning can be dismissed: “You can ignore the warning and start the measurement in any case.”

A wrong aperture still produces a completed run. With an aperture in, the read height is fixed. Field notes: a mis-load can drop an aperture inside the instrument.

Yes: aperture spoons, one per plate format (96/384, 1536, 3456). The FSX manual offers them to “reduce crosstalk even further in certain applications.” Crosstalk figure: not published.

None described. Field reports: MD support “requests that customers use every other well when this is an issue,” which gives up half the plate.

None. No aperture is described anywhere in the H1 manual; luminescence reads through an empty cube position.

No aperture between the plate and the optics. The aperture sits inside the cube, after the collecting lens, where light from the neighbors has already been gathered (inferred). Crosstalk control is bought as “high sensitivity” and “low cross talk” cube variants.

Three BRET assays can mean six cubes. The “low cross talk” cube gives up much of the signal.

“Enhanced Aperture” is a separate line item. A 2023 university quote left it out.

Yes, automatic: built-in luminescence crosstalk reduction, applied automatically up to 384 wells, no parts to place. Figure: not published.

A “crosstalk shield” after the light is collected, from one detection position. Thermo’s remedies: a smaller aperture that works “by decreasing luminescense signals,” and re-aligning the LAT module after cleaning or service.

Not published (brochure and spec page checked).

Revvity’s figures are on its own AlphaPlates: “Most white plates show light leakage… This cannot be prevented by the optical design of a plate reader.” On White OptiPlate, Ultra-sensitive crosstalk was 0.70%, the worst of the three modes.

Not published on bmglabtech.com or in the FSX specification table.

<0.1% in 96-well half-area, <0.2% in 384 small-volume, white Costar. Clear-bottom bottom reads: <0.4%.

Quoted in the easiest plates.

Not published. Promega measured one H1 two ways, 96-well: 530 vs 5,063 RLU per 10⁶, depending on which mode the software was in first (9.6× apart).

Promega’s caption: “The same multimode reader produces differing well-to-well cross talk dependent upon instrument setup.” At 5,063 per million, a well reading 1,000,000 puts about 5,000 into its neighbor. Promega sells the GloMax, so lean on the H1-against-itself pair.

“< 0.1% in 96-well plate; < 0.25% in low-volume 384-well plate.” Nothing for 1536.

An AstraZeneca SLAS poster, as cited in a presentation, showed low-signal error bars “significantly higher on the Neo2.”

No crosstalk figure is published. Tecan says only that dedicated fibers for each plate format “minimizes crosstalk and gives luminometer-like performance”; the spec sheet and reference guide list no percentage.

Tecan’s MultiCheck Plus QC plate includes a luminescence crosstalk check for Spark, but the Tecan page lists no pass limit.

Not published (spec page).

Not published. Thermo’s own paper (D10893), Figure 5, plots luminescence crosstalk on a log scale outward from one bright well: still measurable several wells away, above 0.01% across much of the plate.

Fixed optics can’t focus into the well to cut it.

Dedicated path by default (bypasses the LVF for maximum photons); can be routed through the LVF or a filter.

Three paths: Standard and Enhanced on the two-PMT filter path; Ultra-sensitive on “a designated US detection unit” (option, one color, top only). Luminescence is never read on the fly: 1:13 per 384 plate against 0:13 for FI at the same 100 ms (5.6×, calculated).

Its own light path: sample, focus lens, optic module, matched PMT pair. No light source and no excitation side in the path. Top or bottom.

“All Wavelengths” path, 300–650 nm, on the one cooled PMT shared with far-red fluorescence; bottom reads through a 675 nm short-pass filter.

“Luminescence is measured through an empty filter position in the filter cube,” or a direct channel, “no filtering, white light only.” BioTek’s qualification reads it with the excitation position set to “Plug” and the emission to “Hole.”

“Luminescence is measured through an empty filter position in the filter cube.” No luminescence optic of its own; even a luminescence-only lab needs a cube in the slot, and the single-detector top cube is “REQUIRED for top measurements.”

Dedicated luminescence PMT, photon counting. Every luminescence read is lid off, by Tecan’s own protocol: “select always without lid for luminescence!”

A university SOP: “ALWAYS choose NO when applying luminescence, as the detector is placed deep over the wells.”

Separate top lens for luminescence, switched automatically; filters or LVF.

Direct (no filter) or through a user-fitted filter, 360–670 nm, in the LAT module.

Sequential, through the LVF monochromator at bandwidths to 100 nm, no filters needed; a new luciferase pair is a software setting. Promega dual-luciferase certified.

Simultaneous on the filter path (dual-channel module) at Standard or Enhanced sensitivity only. The Ultra-sensitive mode reads one color, so BRET can’t use it; the sheet rates Ultra-sensitive “up to 25x” more sensitive than Enhanced.

A pharma BRET comparison: “certainly the Nexus was not better.”

Simultaneous, as standard, on two matched low-noise PMTs, top or bottom. NanoBRET 610/450 module in the catalog; any pair built to order.

Neither signal decays while waiting its turn.

Sequential on one PMT; sold as expansions. Two wavelengths lock the gain at High (documented for the i3x; not yet confirmed for the iD). Promega’s NanoBRET lists don’t name the iD3/iD5.

Sequential: 485/20 then 640LP, 1 s each (BioTek’s own dual-luciferase note).

Simultaneous top only, on two different kinds of detector; a comparison sheet: “the red-PMT performs poorly” for dual-emission BRET. No simultaneous BRET from the bottom. The two-color cube is “please contact BioTek.” Promega’s NanoBRET lists name no BioTek or Agilent reader.

Sequential, 300 ms each (Tecan’s NanoBRET note); “BRET ratios were computed manually.” Enhanced module only; software picks the filters. Promega’s NanoBRET instrument lists (2016, 2025) don’t name the Spark.

Sequential, through filters or the LVF monochromators (no filters required).

Sequential on one PMT; emission filters bought separately and fitted with a pick-up tool.

Yes: injection at the read position. Up to two injectors, 3–500 µL, up to 420 µL/s; <30 µL dead volume; clear, user-replaceable tubing.

With the injection spoon fitted and lens protect off, the reader injects during measurement; no post-injection delay for true flash luminescence.

Not published. The 77-page user manual has no injector or dispenser specification.

The 2008 EnVision’s sensitive detectors had no “real time” dispense-and-read mode, only a “shortened interval.”

Yes: injection at the read position, recording 50 readings per second through the injection. Two injectors, 3–500 µL, up to 420 µL/s, 0.5 mL prime. Any format to 1536.

No: luminescence reads wait “500 msec after injection ends” (800 ms for absorbance). Injectors not usable in FP or TRF; prime “at least 2 mL” plus 250 µL; plates must be unlidded; a PC is required for any injector protocol.

Peristaltic pumps: “The lifetime of the tubing is limited and you must replace the tubing when worn.” Accuracy ±(4% + 1 µL), so ≥14% at 10 µL (calculated).

Injectors to 384 from an external dispense module; the manual says only that the tips go into “holes inside the reader” and gives no tip-to-optics position or dispense-to-read delay (the Neo2 manual gives one). Dead volume 1.1 mL; “minimum recommended prime volume is 2000 μL.”

Opaque tubing and tips out of sight; a poor fit for shared equipment.

Injectors to 384 only, one well at a time, from an external module. Manual: the tips seat in holes inside the reader “behind the filter cube chamber(s)”; it specifies a maximum delay of < 1.0 second between end of dispense and start of read. Minimum prime 2,000 µL.

The manual never says the plate moves between dispense and read, or that the reader reads during injection; it gives only the tip location and the delay figure (p. 151, 96/384-well, default probe heights).

No. Injection position is away from the optics; the plate travels between inject and read. External module, opaque tubing, dead volume ≤100 µL.

The first light of a flash reaction happens where nothing is looking.

No. Injection happens away from the read position: the reagent is added, then the well is read. Back-flush, heater and stirrer.

Only with the dispensing head placed in the L position by hand. In the wrong position: “an extra plate movement… This may cause minor time delays between dispensing and measurement.” No dispensing with lidded-plate adapters or in 1536. Dead volume <100 µL.

<20 fM (384, 80 µL; <1.6 amol/well) with the Ultra HTRF/TRF module. Xenon flash lamp.

Laser <4 fM (0.004 pM); lamp <20 fM (15 µL ProxiPlate). Laser is an option: diode-pumped solid state, 343 nm, “< 200 µJ” per pulse.

Field experience: a diode source, and not that powerful. A pharma site’s 2023 demo never tested the laser: “our unit laser was broken.”

Laser TRF: <5 fM (384, 80 µL; 0.4 amol/well), on a dedicated red-shifted PMT pair. HTRF Delta F >1100%.

Best TRF figure published on any reader in this matrix (tied with the Neo2 laser’s 5 fM, which is a typical in a different plate).

iD5 only. Standard 150 fM guaranteed; with the Enhanced TRF module 100 fM guaranteed, 10 fM optimized. iD3: not offered.

The module is fitted by the customer with a 2.0 mm hex key, instrument powered on. TRF module must be removed if some non TRF-modes are read. Not appropriate for shared equipment

Data sheet <40 fM (no plate). Manual guarantee ≤250 fM, 96-well, more than 6× worse (calculated). Flash lamp; no laser offered.

5 fM with the TRF laser, 40 fM with the lamp (384 low-volume, typical). Manual lamp figure: “≤ 250 fM (100 fM typical).” Laser ships only on Dual Filter Top builds, 7 of 19 part numbers.

Single Filter Top readers never get the laser, and the manual still sells it as “upgrade later.”

Filters ≤4 amol (100 µL) = 40 fM standard; ≤0.5 amol (20 µL) = 25 fM enhanced. Monochromator ≤10 amol / ≤0.7 amol. Flash lamp only; no laser. Calculated.

<30 fM (384, 80 µL; <2.4 amol/well). Flash lamp, filters.

<1 amol per well (white low-volume 384; volume not stated) = 50 fM at 20 µL (calculated). Fixed 334 nm excitation filter; flash lamp.

Calibration expires every 10 minutes.

Certified in black and white plates. Delta F >880% on the Cisbio control kit. Two colors read one after the other.

BMG’s brochure: “The ability to measure HTRF in black plates is only prerogative of the most sensitive readers.”

HTRF certified; setup note: “This reader only allows high performance HTRF measurement when assays are run in WHITE plates.” Simultaneous on the filter path. Automatic HTRF ratio for lamp-plus-laser reads arrived as a new feature in January 2024.

A pharma HTS site “can’t export ratios as raw data” and could not obtain Revvity’s green 490/520 terbium module.

Certified in black and white plates; Delta F >1100%. Donor and acceptor at the same instant, from one laser flash, 60 flashes/s. A 1536 HTRF plate in 36 s at Z′ 0.8 (Cisbio poster).

Certified for HTRF (iD5 + Enhanced TRF module). Sequential; two emissions lock the gain at High. MD’s own THUNDER note ranks the iD5 last of three MD readers on signal-to-background: iD5 3.4 · i3x 3.7 · M5e 4.5.

MD’s own Thunder TR-FRET application note ranks the iD5 last of three MD readers for TR-FRET.

Cisbio-certified (BioTek’s June 2019 release lists the Synergy H1 among its “HTRF-certified detection systems”). Revvity’s H1 setup sheet allows filter-based mode only (“The monochromator mode is not HTRF compatible”) and says high-performance HTRF needs white plates. Two sequential reads (620 nm, then 665 nm) on one PMT; fixed 16 nm monochromator on most builds.

Certification: BioTek press release (26 Jun 2019): “BioTek’s other current HTRF-certified detection systems include the Synergy H1 Hybrid Multi-Mode Reader.” Setup sheet: Revvity, spc-htrf-setup-biotek-synergy-h1 (2024). The H1 data sheet does not mention HTRF.

Certified white plates only. Simultaneous only on Dual Filter Top builds with a special-order cube; the 665 and 620 nm signals land on two different kinds of tube. A side-by-side test: Z′ “dropped significantly” when read fast (field test; data not held).

Sequential, one detector. Tecan: the monochromator path is “not certified for HTRF measurements in black plates, as the light levels are too low.” Every monochromator-emission configuration fails Cisbio’s ΔF criterion (419–420 against 600) because of the 20 nm band. 384 plate: 2:06 on filters, 10:37–13:50 on the monochromator.

HTRF/TR-FRET through filters; Reader Control Kit Delta F >700%, figures published for black and white plates. Sequential.

TR-FRET and HTRF listed; Thermo calls it a “Certified HTRF compatible reader by CisBio Bioassays” and names no plate colors. Sequential through one PMT; fixed 334 nm excitation.

The certification is Thermo's claim, not independently confirmed against Revvity's certified-reader list; the page's only plate statement is a TRF sensitivity quoted on a white low-volume 384-well plate.

No. BMG's Decay Curve Monitoring page calls it “a unique PHERAstar® FSX microplate reader feature” and lists only the PHERAstar FSX as a compatible reader.

BMG’s TRF page ties Decay Curve Monitoring to the FSX’s photon-counting PMT; the PHERAstar FSX is the only BMG reader with it.

A fixed “default decay curve” whose “parameters cannot be modified as long as this option is checked,” not available on the fly. No user-built decay curve.

Decay Curve Monitoring: records the TRF signal against time so delay and window are set from the measured decay; integration-time wizard in MARS.

Field tests: the best start differs, 50 µs for Tb–D2 on a laser, 80 µs on a flash lamp. Without the tool, that is found by trial.

Not offered.

No decay-curve tool appears in the H1 manual, data sheet or product page. Gate settable: delay 0–16,000 µs, integration 20–16,000 µs.

No.

Not offered in Tecan’s spec sheet or manual.

No. BMG's Decay Curve Monitoring page calls it “a unique PHERAstar® FSX microplate reader feature” and lists only the PHERAstar FSX as a compatible reader.

Not offered, as far as Thermo’s documents show.

<0.5 mP (384sv, 20 µL). Instant polarizer switching.

Best FP figure published on any reader in this matrix (tied with the FSX).

<1.15 mP (module 2001, fluorescein, 50 µL; plate and concentration not stated). Top read only. A 2024 “Detection Spot Size” option “can improve the data quality of bright FP applications” by collecting light from less of the well.

<0.5 mP (384sv black, 20 µL). Both planes read at once on the matched PMT pair, from the same flash, so lamp flicker cancels in the ratio.

iD5 only. Filters: 5 mP guaranteed at 1 nM (1 mP optimized). Monochromator: 5 mP at 10 nM, ten times the dye. iD3: not offered.

The live spec page has dropped the monochromator figure.

Data sheet 2 mP, no plate. Manual guarantees 5 mP, 96-well, with 60 measurements per data point. History: 5 mP (2010, 384), 5 mP (2016, 2022), 2 mP (2026). Same optical system.

Filters only, one assay per cube; no monochromator FP.

Data sheet 1 mP, the only spec with no plate format. Manual: “< 5 mP standard deviation at 1 nM Sodium Fluorescein (1 mP typical)”; the installation test passes at <5. Dual-plane cube is special order.

The headline is the typical; a unit can ship at five times it.

Filters ≤1.5 / monochromator ≤3.0 mP (standard); ≤1.25 / ≤2.5 (enhanced). No plate, no volume. No FP on the Spark Cyto 300 and 400.

Through the monochromator FP precision is twice as poor, in Tecan’s own table.

<1.2 mP (384sv, 20 µL), filters, top or bottom.

Not offered, and by user reports can never be added.

FP from the bottom: not stated for the Plus. BMG lists “Top and bottom reading” as a measurement mode and gives bottom sensitivity only for fluorescence intensity; its FP figure (< 0.5 mP SD at 1 nM FITC, 384sv, 20 µL) carries no top/bottom label.

BMG states bottom FP for the VANTAstar and the FSX, not for the Plus; BMG applications can confirm.

Not offered. FP is top read only.

The same optic module reads top or bottom, both planes at once. Bottom FP figure: not published; BMG's FP figures (< 0.5 mP SD at 1 nM FITC in 384sv black, < 1.5 mP in 1536 black) carry no top/bottom label.

Not published.

Not possible. FP is filters-only and filters read top only.

One bottom detector, so the two planes are read one after the other, and the manual gives bottom FP no specification.

Not available. Tecan’s guide: “The polarization option is available for top measurements only.”

The 2015 spec sheet’s FP hardware table reuses a generic wavelength-range header that mentions top and bottom, but gives FP results with no top/bottom split; the 2024 guide is explicit.

Yes, through filters, top or bottom.

Not offered (no FP).

Yes: FP-UV option to 240 nm.

No UV FP module listed. Revvity's four FP filter modules excite at 485, 535, 555 and 620 nm.

Kaleido lets a filter module be Custom type, so the catalogue does not strictly rule out a special-order UV FP module.

Polarization modules are built to order at any wavelength (three-filter polarization module). BMG's store lists a Pyrene FP module at 320 nm excitation (380 nm emission), and the spec table gives the FI/FP filter range as 230–750 nm. UV mP figure: not published.

The module's own description: “fluorophores with Exmax between 315 and 340 nm, such as pyrene”. The lowest FP module found in the PHERAstar FSX store list is this 320 nm one; the DPH module is 360 nm. BMG's FP page notes UV FP needs “specific UV polarizers”.

iD5 with the optional UVIS polarizer, to 300 nm.

Partly. The stock excitation polarizer is “visible-range (400 nm and above, the default)”; a UV polarizer (300 nm and above) is a separate BioTek option. The manual’s FP spec lists excitation 330–700 nm (UV-transparent polarizing filter); the current data sheet prints 280–700 nm.

Manual and data sheet disagree on the short-wavelength limit (330 vs 280 nm); the manual’s UV polarizer is rated 300 nm and above.

Yes on paper: Agilent’s data sheet gives the FP wavelength range as 280 to 700 nm (850 nm option), filter-based. The 2016 manual states no FP wavelength range; it says only that the filter cube must contain polarizing filters.

The sibling H1 manual says its UV excitation polarizer starts at 300 nm and its FP spec is 330-700 nm, yet the H1 data sheet also prints 280 nm; ask which polarizer part number delivers 280 nm.

Standard FP module starts at 390 nm; enhanced at 300 nm.

A 2023 quote carried FP from 390 nm while the customer held the enhanced spec sheet.

Spec sheet lists FP among the filter modes covering 240–740 nm. BMG names no UV-FP option and publishes no UV mP figure for the VANTAstar.

On BMG's store, the CLARIOstar UV filter sets carry the footnote “For use in Fluorescence polarization your reader must be equipped with the UV FP option”; no equivalent VANTAstar option was found, and BMG's FP page says UV FP needs “specific UV polarizers”. Ask BMG applications whether the VANTAstar's 240 nm FP range includes UV polarizers.

Not offered (no FP).

680 nm laser module: <5 pM / <100 amol P-Tyr-100 (384sv, 20 µL). Can be added later.

Two modes that cannot be combined: Enhanced (700 mW laser, 4:31 per 384, 79 pg/mL) and High-throughput (400 mW, 1:36, single channel, 121 pg/mL). HT mode: “wells outside the selected measurement layout are also exposed” (fixed 9 mm laser-to-PMT distance, two wells at 384 pitch).

Revvity’s own note says apertures exist to prevent “bleaching of neighboring Alpha samples”; in HT mode the laser reaches wells it hasn’t read yet. Room must be 20–25 °C. Alpha “cannot be added to a Loop operation.”

Dedicated 680 nm laser: <5 pM / <100 amol P-Tyr-100 (384sv white, 20 µL). Optic module set once per plate; nothing moves between wells.

Not offered. MD’s Alpha lives on a different platform.

Not offered. BioTek’s 2010 table marks AlphaScreen “n/a” for the H1, its “Value” hybrid.

Laser Alpha (100 mW, 680 nm). Sensitivity: 100 amol LCK peptide (384-well low-volume plate). Alpha moves a cube twice per well: 768 moves per 384 plate. Not appropriate for high volume alpha use. Maintenance friction point.

The 2016 manual’s Alpha spec is only laser power (100 mW ± 10%); its Alpha acceptance test is crosstalk < 0.1% and SNR > 10 with Omnibeads, not a sensitivity pass line.

680 nm, 750 mW laser. Printed < 2.5 ng/mL Omnibeads; Tecan’s own brochure chart: 3.62 ng/mL uncorrected, 1.58 corrected. 384 wells in ≤2 min “incl. temp. corr.” On the Spark Cyto, Alpha only on the top model.

Without the software temperature correction, the Spark misses its own number.

Not offered. No Alpha mode, no laser.

LED excitation at 680 nm; no laser. Spec <100 amol. Calibration expires every 10 minutes; no cooling.

Alpha laser module (an option); AlphaPlex is listed as a supported mode, and BMG's store sells a 545/615 nm AlphaPlex/AlphaLISA filter set for the CLARIOstar. Whether the two colors are read simultaneously: not stated.

Product-page detection modes read “AlphaScreen®/AlphaLISA®/AlphaPlex™”; the store's filter-set page says “To use these filters your reader must be equipped with the AlphaScreen option.”

Enhanced mode only (AlphaPlex capable); not in High-throughput mode. A reader can’t have both modes.

Yes, with simultaneous dual emission: both AlphaPlex channels from one excitation, on two matched PMTs, so the second color is not read from beads already bleached by an earlier flash.

Not offered.

Not offered.

No AlphaPLEX (one Alpha color only).

Yes, dedicated filters for AlphaScreen, AlphaLISA and AlphaPlex; sequential on one detector.

Not offered (no Alpha).

Not published. Thermo's LUX manuals and product pages describe AlphaScreen/AlphaLISA only and never mention AlphaPlex.

Revvity's AlphaPlex guide requires an “AlphaPlex compatible reader” and names only EnVision Multilabel readers.

Lowest incubation setting ambient +3 °C. No cooling.

No cooling; floor ambient +5 °C. Alpha puts a specification on the room: “+20 °C to +25 °C, relative humidity < 80 %.”

A lab that drifts outside 20–25 °C overnight is outside Revvity’s Alpha conditions (inferred).

Advanced Assay Stability option holds the chamber at 18–45 °C, at or below room temperature, with cooled air over the detectors, electronics and chamber. CellTiter-Glo CV 1.8% with AAS against 3.2% without (BMG data). No external vents.

Lowest measurement-chamber temperature published on any reader in this matrix (tied with the Spark’s Te-Cool floor, which is a liquid loop with a condensation problem).

Not applicable (no Alpha).

Not applicable (no Alpha).

Alpha mode “3°C over ambient to 30°C,” room must be “less than 30°C.” No cooling.

In a 25 °C lab the Alpha window is 28–30 °C; at 27 °C there is no window at all (calculated).

Tecan corrects Alpha data for heat in software: “automatic normalization of the signal to a temperature of 22.5 °C,” every read time “incl. temp. corr.” Tecan says its electronics warm the chamber up to +4 °C. The hardware fix is Te-Cool (option), 18–42 °C.

At +4 °C that is about a third of the signal (calculated), corrected by a model, so every corrected well carries the model’s error. Te-Cool’s 18 °C floor is the dew point of a 30 °C lab at 50% humidity: condensation. Without its software temperature correction, Alpha misses Tecan’s own spec.

Not applicable (no Alpha). Floor ambient +4 °C.

No cooling; floor ambient +4 °C. When the 10-minute calibration can’t run, the Alpha read carries a warning that accuracy “may have suffered.”

220–1000 nm, CCD spectrometer: every wavelength captured at once. 0–4 OD, 0.001 OD resolution, precision ≤0.5 nm.

Filters only: one wavelength per module from 260, 280, 405, 450, 492, 492 (OPD), 540, 560, 570, 595, 600, 644, 660 and 750 nm. Revvity names the mode “Absorbance Filter.” No monochromator, no spectrometer, no spectrum.

A wavelength off that list is a module to order.

220–1000 nm, CCD spectrometer (optional). 0–4 OD.

230–1000 nm, monochromator, 4 nm bandwidth, accuracy ±2 nm, 0–4 OD. PathCheck path-length correction.

User reports list what PathCheck can’t correct: turbid, high-salt and non-aqueous samples, Lowry, hemoglobin, red or purple samples.

230–999 nm, monochromator (200 nm on the A builds); bandwidth 4 nm UV / 8 nm visible (≤3 nm on A builds). 0–4 OD, <1% at 3.0 OD.

230–999 nm, monochromator, 1 nm steps; ~4 nm resolution (comparison sheet). An ELISA with a reference wavelength is read twice.

200–1000 nm, monochromator, 3.5 nm bandwidth, accuracy <0.3 nm (Cyto brochure; the 2015 sheet says ≤0.8 nm).

Best absorbance wavelength accuracy published in this matrix.

220–1000 nm, CCD spectrometer. 0–4 OD; accuracy <1% at 2 OD.

200–1000 nm, monochromator. Linear to 4 Abs at 450 nm. No absorbance in 1536. The absorbance calibration expires every hour.

Fast mode costs range, in SkanIt’s words: “a slightly narrower linear absorbance range.”

<1 s per well, full 220–1000 nm, or eight wavelengths from one flash.

Fastest full-spectrum absorbance published in this matrix (tied with the FSX and VANTAstar).

Not offered.

<1 s per well at 1 nm resolution; eight wavelengths from one flash.

Not published.

Spectrum data read on the touchscreen needs the paid Import feature to reach SoftMax Pro.

“An hour or more” per plate for a full 200–1000 nm scan (2020 estimate).

~60 s per well (estimate). Field timing on the original Neo: 6 s per wavelength per 96-well plate, so a 96-well spectrum at 10 nm steps takes about 8 minutes and 1 nm steps over an hour (calculated).

≤5 s per well, “one flash only,” plate in and out not included.

<1 s per well, full spectrum or eight wavelengths.

“<2.2 sec/well, 400 to 500 nm, 1 flash, 2 nm step”: about 18 s per well for 200–1000 nm at that rate (calculated). Spectra stop at 384-well.

LVis plate: 16 spots, 2 µL, full spectrum per spot, plus a cuvette port.

Not offered. Nucleic-acid absorbance is a 260 nm module plus a 280 nm module.

LVis plate: 16 spots of 2 µL, full spectrum per spot.

SpectraDrop micro-volume plate (iD5 “fully compatible”). SpectraCuvette adapters without a sticker “cannot be used.”

Take3 and Take3 Trio plates.

Take3 and Take3 Trio plates.

NanoQuant plate: 16 samples, 2 µL, <1 ng/µL dsDNA; cuvette port.

LVis plate: 16 spots of 2 µL, plus one standard cuvette position on the same plate; optional NIST-traceable OD and holmium oxide standards.

µDrop plate. SkanIt: “Do not use shaking with the Thermo Scientific μDrop plate.”

Yes, 6- to 1536-well; injectors and luminescence in every format; autofocus to 1536.

Yes, 1- to 1536-well; plate height 7–20 mm.

Yes, to 1536 standard (and beyond, next row). Injectors and luminescence at every format; 1536 HTRF in 36 s with the laser.

No. 6- to 384-well. Plate height “must not exceed 22 mm, including the lid.”

No. 6- to 384-well, at launch and today.

Yes, 6–1536. Injectors to 384 only. BioTek’s luminescence spec and crosstalk spec stop at 384; 1536 Alpha takes a different excitation cube.

Yes with the enhanced modules. Standard luminescence stops at 384; the Spark Cyto stops at 384 altogether.

No. 6- to 384-well.

Yes, with its own adapter (10 mm): no lid, no dispensing. Absorbance and spectra stop at 384.

No.

No.

Yes: 6- to 3456-well. BMG: “Only reader with 3456-well proved capability.”

The only reader in this matrix that reads 3456.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

Yes; any other plate definable in software.

Yes (1-well up). “Shaking is only recommended for plate types with 96, 384, or 1536 wells.”

Yes.

Yes.

Yes.

Yes.

Yes (1- to 1536-well).

Yes.

Yes, with the 6–48 adapter (a second one if lidded). Fill to no more than 50% of well volume when shaking.

No. Autofocus to 0.1 mm, top and bottom, up to 1536. Plate geometry defined in software; no adapters.

In aperture modes “the measurement height cannot be adjusted.” An optimization wizard stores plate dimensions per protocol; it “requires the filter module ‘Test Module EnVision Nexus’” and is “not compatible with the optional stacker.”

No. Autofocus; plate definitions user-definable; no adapters.

A software setting the user re-tunes. Read height “should be optimized for each new lot of microplates or assay volume used.”

No. Automated Z-focus.

Top: automatic. Bottom focus is fixed. Plate adapters: optional PCR-tube and BioCell adapter plates are listed; maximum plate height is 0.89 in.

Unresolved: a BioTek-era Neo2 brochure lists “Read height Auto Z, 0.1 mm steps, top/bottom (Filters), top (Mono),” which conflicts with the fixed bottom focus reported in comparison sheets.

No. Auto Z-focus top and bottom.

No. Rapid full-plate autofocus, 0.1 mm; no adapters.

Yes, by hardware. The optics never move; a loose adapter under the plate sets its height, one per plate format and a second if lidded (ten in Thermo’s table). Field experience: the wrong adapter means a misfocused read or the plate strikes the optics.

Thermo sells a “Storage Holder for Plate Adapters” for the ones not in use. Every new user needs training on adapters, lids and templates.

None. Any plate geometry is defined in software.

Lids and high-skirt plates are refused by the stacker, Enhanced and Ultra-sensitive luminescence and both Alpha modes. One plate type per stacker protocol; max filled plate 190 g.

None. Plate geometry user-definable.

Max plate height 22 mm with lid; SpectraCuvette adapters without a sticker “cannot be used.” Injected reads must be unlidded.

Standard 6- to 384-well plates in the 128 x 86 mm footprint, plus Take3 and Take3 Trio; maximum plate height 0.8 in. (20.30 mm) for absorbance and 0.89 in. (22.6 mm) for fluorescence and luminescence. Optional PCR-tube and BioCell adapter plates. To read with a lid, create a Gen5 plate type that adds the lid height. For evaporation the manual says “Use microplate lids.”

Gen5 2.01 and later has a separate “Plate Lid adds” parameter (manual error-code table); other labware “can result in positioning errors during program execution.”

Standard 6- to 1536-well plates in the 128 x 86 mm footprint, plus Take3 and Take3 Trio; maximum plate height 0.89 in. Optional PCR-tube and BioCell adapter plates. For lids the manual says to “create a new plate type in Gen5 with the correct Plate Height”; other labware “can result in positioning errors during program execution.” Injectors take only 6- to 384-well plates, and tip priming is not for tall plates.

Gen5’s protocol dialog also has a “Use lid” check box (manual p. 50).

ANSI/SBS plates, 10 mm (no lid) up to 24.5 mm (with lid) tall; for bottom reads the well bottom may sit no more than 5.5 mm above the plate rim. Lid Lifter pad needs a lid no taller than 11.5 mm; the Spark-Stack takes no lids. Luminescence is read lid off by Tecan’s protocol, and the humidity spec excludes the outside wells and is tested with a lid.

Tecan’s knowledge portal says of luminescence: “Don’t use transparent plates or plates with lids as this results in crosstalk between wells.” Cuvette adapter, NanoQuant Plate, MultiCheck plate and Cell Chip adapter “can be used with limitations for selected measurement techniques.”

None listed.

Every plate change is a hardware change: ten adapters by well count and lid; “Always use a plate adapter with a universal tray”; only five support dispensing and none of the lidded ones. The robotic adapter is held by washers and four retaining screws.

One color in flying mode, 1 flash: 15 s; two colors are read one after the other, so about 30 s (estimated; BMG prints no dual-emission time). 10 flashes: 57 s per color.

14 s on the fly (FI, FP, TRF) with a dual-channel module, both colors at once. Luminescence never on the fly: 1:13 per 384 plate.

14 s (flying mode, 1 flash) for both colors, because they are read at the same instant from the same flash. 10 flashes: 38 s. TRF laser, 1536 wells: 36 s.

The only reader here whose dual-emission time equals its single-color time.

One color: ~32 s “using lowest setting and speed read”; two colors about 64 s (estimated), with the gain locked at High (documented for the i3x only). FP: 3 min per 384.

One color: 22 s (kinetic figure, unchanged since 2010; no mode or flash count stated); two colors about 44 s (estimated).

One color: 11 s (sweep mode). Simultaneous two-color read exists on Dual Filter Top builds with a special-order cube; no dual-emission time published. Sensitivity is qualified at Normal speed, 50 measurements per point.

The 11 s and the sensitivity spec come from different settings.

One color: 22–30 s, “one flash only,” plate in and out not included; two colors about 45–60 s (estimated). NanoBRET at Tecan’s 300 ms per channel: about 3 min 50 s for 384 (estimated). Extended range doubles it: “two consecutive measurement runs.”

One color, flying, 1 flash: 16 s; two colors about 32 s (estimated).

One color: 45 s minimum, one flash, carrier not stopping; two colors about 90 s (estimated), plus the 10-minute calibration clock on a long run.

Flying mode, 1 flash: 8 s / 15 s / 28 s. 10 flashes: 19 s / 57 s / 3:04.

Flying-mode times are at a fixed gain; EDR is not used in flying mode.

On the fly (FI, FP, TRF): 6 s / 14 s / 37 s. Luminescence 1:13 per 384. Alpha Enhanced 4:31, HT 1:36 per 384. TRF laser 1536 at one flash: ~30 s “while maintaining excellent Z′.”

Flying mode, 1 flash: — / 14 s / 27 s. 10 flashes: — / 38 s / 1:52. 50 flashes: — / 1:29 / 5:18. TRF laser 1536: 36 s.

Flying-mode times are at a fixed gain; EDR is not used in flying mode.

FI ~10 s / ~32 s / no 1536 (lowest setting). Luminescence 0:16 / 1:01; TRF 0:05 / 1:05; FP 1:00 / 3:00 (iD5e, standard read time).

11 s / 22 s / no 1536.

— / 11 s / — (sweep mode). Alpha: 30 s / 1:50 / 7:20 (two cube moves per well).

FI: ≤13 s / ≤30 s / — (Cyto brochure; “one flash only”). Alpha: ≤1 min / ≤2 min “incl. temp. corr.”

Flying mode, 1 flash: 9 s / 16 s / —.

15 s / 45 s / 135 s “minimum times,” one flash, carrier not stopping. Detection limit at that speed: not published.

The gain was set by a trial flash before this clock started.

Linear, orbital, double orbital, 100–700 rpm, orbit scales with speed; at the read position; long-term shaking option.

Linear, orbital, double orbital; duration, speed and diameter adjustable. Warning: liquids “could spill inside the instrument”; test settings with the plate outside. 96/384/1536 only recommended.

Linear, orbital, double orbital; user-defined time and speed.

Orbital or double orbital. MD support: “Amplitude: 1.7 mm for all shake intensities”; Low 448, Medium 517, High 577 rpm. Advanced shaking is an upgrade.

Three speeds on one small orbit; the user can’t change the orbit size.

Linear, orbital, double orbital, 1–6 mm, 3–18 Hz. Manual: on older firmware shaking “may stop prematurely with no error message.”

Linear, orbital, double orbital, 1–6 mm, six speeds each.

Linear, orbital, double orbital, 1–6 mm in 0.5 mm steps, up to an hour. “The plate must be placed in incubation position while shaking or waiting.”

Linear, orbital, double orbital; speed range not published.

Orbital only (user reports); speed and orbit not published. Fill to no more than 50% of well volume when shaking.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No. Agilent’s Gen5 carries imaging features the H1 can’t use.

No.

Cell counting on the Spark; Spark Cyto adds 2×/4×/10× fluorescence imaging. On the Cyto the chamber isn’t heated, only the plate’s parking spot (user reports tie this to a BioTek patent on imaging in an incubated chamber; no patent document is cited).

The Cyto ladder removes as it climbs: 400 has a monochromator and no filters, 500 the reverse, both only on the 600 with Alpha bundled.

No.

No.

Autofocus 0.1 mm; orbital, spiral and matrix well scans up to 900 points per well.

Optimization wizard stores plate dimensions per protocol (not with the stacker). PerkinElmer’s 2008 trainer on the quick-start wizard: it “may give up sensitivity.”

Well scanning and automatic z-height, top and bottom.

Well Scan (over 20 × 20 points); adjustable read height. Field report: in kinetic runs only the center of the well is read.

Monochromator bottom read, automated Z-focus, well-area scanning; grid size not published.

Fixed bottom focus; bottom reads need their own cubes; scan-grid size is not published. Well-area scanning is listed as a read method, and the manual warns the full matrix may not fit perimeter wells (error 570x, “Area Scan matrix too large for perimeter wells”).

Same caveat as the plate-height row: a BioTek-era brochure lists Auto Z read height for bottom filter reads.

Auto Z-focus; “Optimal Read”; well scans to 100 × 100 points.

Finest well-scan grid published in this matrix.

Rapid full-plate autofocus; well scans up to 900 points; orbital and spiral averaging.

Multipoint “for bottom reading 6 to 96-well plates only.”

Yes, at the read position: ambient +3 °C to 45 °C, or 65 °C with the option. BMG’s measured plate gradient at 37 °C: 0.38 °C across an INHECO plate after three hours.

Yes, heating only, ambient +5 to 65 °C; accuracy ±1 °C to 50, ±2 to 60, ±3 °C to 65. Uniformity across the plate: not published. “Oscillating temperatures in the lab will have an impact on temperature-sensitive assays.”

Yes: ambient +5 °C to 45 °C; with AAS, 18–45 °C independent of the room.

Yes, ambient +5 to 66 °C; from 55 °C up “ambient temperature of 25°C (77°F) is required.” The sensors read “the temperature of the air inside the chamber, not the temperature of the samples.” Equilibration about an hour.

Yes, four-zone, ambient +4 to 45 °C (70 °C on the four M2 builds); ±0.5 °C at 37 °C.

Yes, four-zone heating at the read position, ambient +4 to 65 °C. Alpha mode: ambient +3 to 30 °C.

Temperature is specified where the plate waits; the read happens somewhere else. Ambient +4 to 42 °C; uniformity <0.5 °C “at incubation position.” “The plate must be placed in incubation position while shaking or waiting.” On the Spark Cyto the chamber isn’t heated at all, only the parking spot.

A 384-well glow kinetic every 5 minutes spends about 55% of the run out of the incubation position, lid off (calculated from Tecan’s read time). Tecan says the chamber runs up to +4 °C over the room. Temperature is specified where the plate waits, and the plate is read somewhere else. “The plate must be placed in incubation position while shaking or waiting.”

Yes, at the read position: ambient +4 °C to 45 °C, or 60 °C option. The optical head is heated too; the upper plate runs 0.5 °C above the lower to keep condensation off the lid.

Yes, ambient +4 to 45 °C. The temperature holds “for as long as the software is connected to the instrument.”

A PC that sleeps or restarts mid-run takes the temperature control with it (inferred).

No. Floor is ambient +3 °C.

No, in any generation. “The instrument cannot reach temperatures lower than the ambient temperature.” The printed “15–65 °C” means ambient +5 °C; in a 25 °C lab the floor is 30 °C (calculated). In a Temperature operation “Maintain Ambient Temperature… is not available.” “Fast Cooling” opens the plate door and runs a fan.

Air filters “are not accessible for the user… This may affect… the precision of the temperature control.”

Yes, with Advanced Assay Stability: 18–45 °C, at a setpoint independent of the room, including at or below ambient. Rotary-compressor cooling in a rear unit; no external vents; condensate evaporated outside the instrument. Adds ~10 cm of depth; 62 kg total; the stacker still fits.

Best uniformity is at ambient +3.5–4 °C rather than at the coldest setting (BMG data).

No. Floor ambient +5 °C. The only cooling MD names is the detector’s.

No. Floor ambient +4 °C.

No. Floor ambient +4 °C (ambient +3 in Alpha mode).

Te-Cool option, 18–42 °C, a liquid cooler for the incubation position. With it fitted the room limit drops from 35 °C to 30 °C; at 30 °C and 50% humidity the 18 °C floor is the dew point (calculated). 512 mm tall; “Only Tecan authorized service technicians are allowed to prepare instrument for transportation.”

A university facility switches on an external chiller for anything below 28 °C. Cooling is at the incubation position; the plate is read elsewhere. The chamber runs warm, and Tecan measured what that does without TE-Cool. Glow signal +34% in six minutes at 4 °C over ambient; CV 7.7% against 0.3%.

No. Floor ambient +4 °C.

No. Floor ambient +4 °C.

No.

No.

Yes, with AAS: cooled air runs over the PMTs and electronics as well as the chamber, so the detectors are cooled along with the plate. Cooling is an option, and it makes a heavy reader heavier.

“Ultra-cooled” PMT, the detector only. No warm-up, stability or drift figure published.

A tube that reaches 850 nm carries high dark current; the cooling is what makes it usable (inferred). The chamber itself is not cooled.

No.

No.

No. Te-Cool cools the incubation position only.

No.

No. Luminescence calibration includes a dark-level drift check instead, expiring every 10 minutes.

No. Evaporation is managed with sealers and gas-permeable membranes; BMG publishes guidance on which to use.

No, and lids are barred with the stacker, in Enhanced and Ultra-sensitive luminescence, and in both Alpha modes.

No. AAS lowers evaporation by holding the chamber at or below room temperature; BMG publishes rates with and without it.

No. The guide recommends a lid or seal, but “For reads with injection, plates must be unlidded.”

No. “Use microplate lids.”

No.

Yes: humidity cassette plus Lid Lifter. <10% evaporation over 4 days, “excluding outside wells… with lid” (60 of 96 wells, lid on; calculated). Luminescence is read lid off.

The humidity setup suits long assays but not vigorous shaking; it lives at the incubation position. Field experience: the quote often doesn’t make clear which incubation setup is in it.

No. The upper heating plate runs 0.5 °C above the lower to keep condensation off lids and seals.

No. A lidded plate takes a different adapter, and no lidded adapter supports dispensing.

Yes: ACU, O₂ and CO₂ 0.1–20%, regulated in the chamber where the plate sits under the optics.

Cells stay at their gas setpoint while they are read.

Not offered on the manual’s base-unit or options list.

Not offered. AAS controls temperature only. No CO₂/O₂ control and no humidity control.

Optional gas mixer, “user-installable”: O₂ 1–21%, CO₂ 0.1–15%, ±1.0%. The O₂ ceiling “is altitude dependent.”

Yes, on the G part numbers: CO₂ 0–20%, O₂ 1–19%, through a separate gas controller unit.

Not offered inside the reader. Agilent sells gas control as an external add-on.

Yes: CO₂ 0.04–10%, O₂ 0.1–21%. Standard on Cyto, an option otherwise. Works at the incubation position; gas at the read position isn’t stated.

Yes: ACU, O₂ and CO₂ 1–20%, actively regulated.

Optional module: CO₂ 0.1–15%, O₂ 1–21%. Nothing below 1% O₂.

45 °C standard, 65 °C option, at the read position.

65 °C, ±3 °C at the top of the range.

45 °C.

66 °C, if the room is 25 °C from 55 °C up.

70 °C on the four M2 builds; 45 °C on the rest, including the MF hybrid.

65 °C (30 °C in Alpha mode).

42 °C.

45 °C standard, 60 °C option.

45 °C.

Unlimited. Control and MARS analysis software install on any number of PCs; multi-user control software for shared labs.

One Revvity-supplied PC, bound to one serial number (“you cannot exchange the PCs between the devices”). Further analysis in MyAssays Desktop, a separate program, via XML export.

Unlimited. Reader control and MARS on any number of PCs.

SoftMax Pro: one reader per license, four installs, three analysis-only seats, “per-seat product key activation.” Bringing touchscreen data into the software is extra: “Data import feature requires a separate license.” Updates “require a purchase” (i3x guide).

QuickSync puts SoftMax Pro on every user’s PC, and each departing student means another seat. Field experience: over a few years of lab turnover the seats can approach the cost of the reader. “Per-seat product key activation”; “Data import feature requires a separate license.”

“A single Gen5 license includes 5 passwords for installation on 5 different computers.” Registration required.

Field notes (2016): Gen5 won’t merge data from separate runs.

Five installations, each authorized by a USB dongle. Additional licenses are options.

Field note: “It isn’t clear what happens if the USB key is lost.”

Two installs of SparkControl. A new PC or Windows version has meant buying again (field notes).

Two Tecan software stacks that don’t talk: a university SOP says the Spark software “does not communicate with the Magellan software.”

Unlimited. BMG: the software “can be installed on as many computers as needed.” No touchscreen available.

“No limit on the number of licenses” and “no annual fee.” SkanIt 4.0 and 4.1 “cannot be installed in parallel on the same computer.”

No embedded computer. Runs from a PC.

A Revvity-supplied desktop PC on a point-to-point cable that uses its network port; “The connection must not go through the customer’s network.” Windows 10 IoT LTSC 2021 only; domain join not guaranteed; virtual PCs not supported. Release notes: “Multi-tasking on the device PC during measurements can cause loss of data.”

Field notes: the local database stops at 90% (≈9 GB) and no new run starts until data is deleted or exported. A pharma site moves its data through a second PC to reach its network. The Quick Start Guide prints a default Windows login for the control PC.

No embedded computer. Runs from any PC.

Touchscreen on a built-in computer (“Data is stored on the reader’s hard drive”), NFC or PIN login, QuickSync to a networked PC. Walk-up ends at a single-wavelength endpoint: kinetic, multi-wavelength and spectrum data need a PC, a SoftMax Pro seat and the purchased Import feature; injectors, FRET, TR-FRET and Western blot are PC-only. Connect a PC and the touchscreen locks.

MD support: “I recommend performing the read through SoftMax Pro and not the touchscreen.” When the built-in computer fails, the interface fails and the repair is charged as an instrument repair. A university iD3 failed twice on the same part just past warranty. ResearchGate: “Has anyone had problems with the built-in computer of the Spectramax ID3?”

No embedded computer. Gen5 on a PC.

No embedded computer. Gen5 on a PC, a USB key per PC.

No embedded computer. Runs from a PC with SparkControl; the dashboard and Magellan don’t share methods.

No embedded computer. Runs from a PC (SMART Control or Voyager).

No computer or screen on the instrument. Every run goes through a PC running SkanIt: “To avoid data loss, make sure your computer does not go into hibernation/sleep during a measurement.”

Available, no per-seat or per-run fee.

Option: “Enhanced Security mode.” Identity controls “must be set in Windows.”

Compliant, no per-seat or per-run fee.

GxP edition, extra. In GxP mode a connected PC locks the touchscreen for everyone.

Option (Gen5 Secure).

Option (Gen5 Secure).

Paid option (Magellan Tracker).

Available with SMART Control and MARS, no per-seat fee.

A second product: electronic signature, audit trail and access control live only in the separately sold Drug Discovery Edition. Login is the user’s Windows account, so password policy, validation and training are “the responsibility of the end user organization.”

Stacker; up to two barcode readers; robot-compatible.

20- or 50-plate stacker, 5.2 kg max load, one plate type per protocol, no lids. Release notes name four stacker defects (mid-load magazine mount restarts the system; the stop button does not stop a stacker run; magazines lock after restacking; barcode export “will fail and needs to be done manually”). “Optimizations are not compatible with the optional stacker.”

A long stacker batch can hit the local database’s 90% hard stop and lose data (field notes).

STACKER III, 50 plates, “can also be added later”; robotic integration supported.

Robot-compatible; StakMax stacker.

BioStack stacker, BioSpa 8, OLE automation in Gen5, robot accessible.

Stacker support. Two cube slots: Alpha and dual-emission assays take both, so “manual changes are necessary, making full automation difficult” (comparison sheet). Gen5 “prompt[s] for filter cube installation at runtime.”

An unattended run that needs another cube waits for someone to fit it.

Spark-Stack; native fit with Tecan robotics.

“Tecan is first and second an automation company.” User reports: “a LOT of moving parts… not… an easy instrument to maintain and train on in a shared environment.”

Robot-compatible plate carrier with ActiveX and DDE control. No stacker or barcode reader offered.

Robotic-tray adapter held by washers and four retaining screws; a lidded plate there means “Remove the plate adapter.” User reports: with the automation adapter “you can’t use any of the other adapters without a complicated process.”

Alpha, Ultra HTRF/TRF, LVis, stacker and barcode can be added later, one grade each. Bottom reading and luminescence are modules.

Alpha is chosen at purchase: Enhanced or High-throughput, never both. HT Alpha “automatically also includes Luminescence (Ultra-sensitive)”; a rep in writing would not quote one without the other. Field retrofit of option modules: not published. New filter modules depend on Revvity making them.

The headline numbers belong to options: Ultra-sensitive luminescence, both Alpha modes, the TRF laser, the stacker and Part 11 are all line items.

Spectrometer, TRF, TRF laser, Alpha laser, injectors, AAS and stacker are options, and each “can also be added later.”

One instrument at one performance grade; a lab never trades up to a different model to gain a mode.

iD3 → iD5 is a different reader. Upgrades: bottom luminescence (factory only), Enhanced TRF module (customer-fitted with a hex key), gas mixer (“user-installable”), UVIS polarizer, red filter slides, injectors, Import license, GxP edition.

The brochure describes an iD5 with options the base reader doesn’t have, so a quote needs checking line by line.

“Upgrade options are available; contact BioTek Customer Care.” Cubes can be added any time. Whether a fixed 16 nm build can become variable bandwidth: not published. 12 part numbers; variable bandwidth and 70 °C only on the four M2 builds; injectors “sold separately” on every one.

Single or Dual Filter Top is fixed at purchase; no part number has both. The TRF laser comes only with the dual top. 19 part numbers; six have no monochromator for fluorescence or luminescence; one (N2MON) has no filters.

The manual still sells the laser as “upgrade later.”

Modular, in standard and enhanced grades. On the Spark Cyto the ladder removes as it climbs: 400 gains a monochromator and loses filters, 500 the reverse, both only on the 600 with Alpha bundled.

The spec sheet describes the enhanced modules. The quote may not: a 2023 university quote carried standard absorbance, aperture, bottom reading and luminescence.

Detection modes, injectors and extended temperature can be added later. The optics choice is fixed at purchase: the filter-only VANTAstar F can’t take LVF monochromators later.

“Modular, upgradeable.” FP can never be added (user reports). A new LAT module arrives needing the user’s own calibration: “You must run the calibration.” Modes are letters in the catalog code (L, A, T, D, G); a missing letter is a missing mode.

Evaluation Plate is sold for IQ/OQ-type validation (NIST-traceable absorbance filters plus solid fluorescence and luminescence standards). BMG US service plans: Standard Depot includes a yearly QCPM; only Preferred Onsite includes a loaner. Repair turnaround: not published.

From BMG’s US store: Standard Depot “includes parts and labor coverage, free software and firmware updates, and a yearly quality control and preventative maintenance (QCPM)”; Preferred Onsite adds “loaner equipment in case your reader is out of service for an extended time.” Plan availability “may depend on product and country.”

“Repair and service may only be performed by the Revvity Service.” Air filters “not accessible for the user… let Revvity Service check the filters once a year.” Remote support is LogMeIn Rescue; declining it “may increase costs for the service contract.” Lamp, laser and PMT service life: not published.

A two-Nexus pharma site’s service technician “had no idea how to service the instrument.”

Evaluation Plate is sold for IQ/OQ-type validation (NIST-traceable absorbance filters plus solid fluorescence and luminescence standards); the FSX page also lists optional QC internal standards. BMG US service plans: Standard Depot includes a yearly QCPM; only Preferred Onsite includes a loaner. Repair turnaround: not published.

Same US service plans as the CLARIOstar Plus. BMG’s US store also sells a Phosentix MicroQC Performance Testing Plate for the FSX.

MD’s LM1 validation plate checks 2.5–3 decades of luminescence on multimode readers and skips the dim rungs as “too dim to measure,” so the 7-decade claim is never re-checked on the customer’s unit. Three SpectraTest plates, one per mode: “it must be returned to Molecular Devices. Only Molecular Devices has the necessary knowledge and equipment to recertify”; yearly; book a month ahead. Repair is at MD’s depot: “Instruments not covered by Warranty or Service Plan are not eligible for a loaner.”

MD “is not liable for damage incurred during shipment.”

OQ yearly; PQ monthly or quarterly. The absorbance test plate is recertified annually by BioTek; FP and TRF tests need a dedicated qualification cube. Lamp “not user-changeable.”

Terms: the manual recommends the OQ “initially (before first use)” and then annually, and absorbance test plates are recertified by BioTek annually; warranty terms ship as a separate document and no length is printed in the manual. The luminescence OQ is one point at one gain, so the “>6 decades” is never re-checked on the customer’s unit. Wear to plan for: 768 cube moves per 384-well Alpha plate, an injector module needing a daily flush and overnight soak, and two xenon lamps “(not user-changeable).” Daily flushing is a warranty matter: “Failure to follow preventive maintenance protocols may void the warranty.”

Agilent’s US Terms of Sale (Apr 2024) say only that “Each Product receives a global warranty which includes the standard warranty for the country of purchase” and refer to a separate warranty page; the instrument warranty length was not found.

Tecan lists “QC tools for IQOQ services”: the MultiCheck Plus QC plate, which Tecan recalibrates at its factory annually. The guide calls for an annual maintenance procedure by a Tecan service engineer. Te-Care contracts list a loaner only as a billed option (footnote: “Subject to availability”); the 48-hour onsite response is in COMPLETE only.

Te-Care and QC-plate terms are from Tecan’s web pages (tecan.com/service-contracts, Detection & Others tab; lifesciences.tecan.com/microplate-readers-qc-tools); regional differences apply.

Evaluation Plate sold as an accessory (NIST-traceable absorbance filters plus solid fluorescence and luminescence standards). BMG US service plans: Standard Depot includes a yearly QCPM; only Preferred Onsite includes a loaner. Repair turnaround: not published.

Same US service plans as the CLARIOstar Plus.

Verification plates: spectrophotometric (N03394) and Lumiwell luminescence (2806460), plus a “Microplate package for Varioskan LUX IQ/OQ” (SP-00720). Warranty and service-plan terms for the LUX are not published. Thermo's Part 11 table puts validation and user training on the customer.

Thermo's generic Unity Lab Services plan page does not name the Varioskan or plate readers, and the Dana-Farber quote's “2Y WARR” is a customer quote, not a published term.

By BMG’s own account, no BMG reader has ever been phased out of service support.

One Windows build for the life of the PC: Windows 10 IoT LTSC 2021, “No, the license is only valid exactly for” that version, supported to January 2032. Kaleido upgrades run one way (4.0 data into 4.1, “but not vice versa”). Revvity publishes no instrument end-of-support policy for the Nexus.

Revvity's service terms reserve the right to refuse a repair order for instrument obsolescence or parts availability, but set no minimum support period.

“Any 16-bit unit will have a guaranteed 10 years of support from the point of purchase.” No BMG reader phased out of support.

Not published. MD’s repair FAQ states no obsolescence policy.

No end-of-service date found for the H1 (on sale since 2010). Sibling Synergy Mx: discontinued 2015, service ended Oct 1, 2022 (BioTek’s 2021 notice). H4, Synergy 2 and HT no longer sold or supported.

Agilent’s published Service Terms let it drop a product from service coverage on 60 days’ written notice; no Neo2-specific support-life period is published. Support for the sibling Synergy Mx ended ~5.5 years after one account’s purchase. Labs are replacing BioTek readers that BioTek stopped supporting (field experience).

The clause governs service agreements and sets a notice period, not a minimum support life; the Neo2 manual, data sheet and product page state no support-life commitment.

Tecan’s own schedule: Infinite M1000 shipped to March 2012, support ended March 2019: “no sales, no service packs, no modifications (we expect customers to upgrade in case of problems).” About seven years from sale. The Spark is based on the M1000 (user reports).

Tecan has since removed the schedule from its website; an archived copy exists.

“Free tech and application support for the lifetime of the reader” (BMG value sheet).

Not published. Thermo gives no support-lifetime or end-of-service policy for the LUX. The Varioskan Flash page is marked discontinued and points to the LUX, with no end-of-service date.

No restriction. 32 kg, two people.

“Allow the instrument to acclimatize for at least 24 hours after shipping or transport.” Stacker removal “may only be carried out by a Revvity service engineer.” 90 kg; 100 kg with stacker. “Sensitive to vibrations.”

Nothing extra to disconnect; AAS has no external vents or plumbing.

Moving terms: a customer procedure (guide p. 125) that does not call for a Molecular Devices engineer: remove filter slides and any Enhanced TRF module, touch “Lock Instrument,” fit the transport locks, lift with at least two people. “The instrument can be damaged if the transport locks are not removed before the instrument is powered on.” 40 kg. Original packaging is called for only to store, ship or move it to another building, and warranty claims are void if transport damage is caused by improper packing.

The iD3 guide carries the same procedure (p. 98); the iD5e guide renames the touchscreen step “Prepare Shipment - Lock Instrument.”

Shipping brackets must go back in, in original packaging “designed to be used no more than five times.” Shipping any other way “can void the warranty.”

No restriction found in the manual.

“Do not ship an instrument with integrated cooling module! Only Tecan authorized service technicians are allowed to prepare instrument for transportation. Residual cooling fluid might damage the instrument.”

Moving a Te-Cool Spark starts with a service call; a field note: versions you can’t move yourself without voiding the warranty.

No restriction found. 27 kg.

Refit the tray-holder transport lock before moving it (front cover off, four screws, ten steps), keep the original packaging, and plan a two-person lift at 53-60 kg. Thermo also offers a service to move the instrument.

The manuals give 53-60 kg (the product page lists 57 kg), not 54-59 kg, and do not say whether the per-unit luminescence alignment must be repeated after a move.

45 × 51 × 40 cm; 32 kg.

446 × 576 × 485 mm; 90 kg. Site drawing needs 751 × 596 × 535 mm bare, 984 mm wide with a stacker, a bench rated ≥100 kg, plus a separate PC and 24-inch monitor.

45 × 51 × 47 cm; 49 kg; with AAS 48 × 68 × 47 cm, 62 kg.

53 × 60 × 40 cm; 40 kg.

37.5 × 46.4 × 33 cm; <25 kg.

Agilent’s current data sheet: 38.1 cm W x 52.5 cm D x 41.2 cm H, 35.4 kg (78 lb); with the TRF laser 62.2 cm D and 45.3 kg (100 lb). The 2016 manual gave 39 x 52.5 x 41 cm and “< 85 lbs. (38.6 kg)” with all modules, without power supply or dispense module. The dispense module sits on top of the reader.

40 kg; 512 mm tall with Te-Cool, plus the chiller and tubing. User reports: “The on-bench presence is not good, has been the universal complaint about the Spark.”

35 × 52 × 36 cm; 27 kg; external power supply.

58 × 53 × 51 cm; 53–60 kg (manuals; the product page lists 57 kg).

SelectScience: five stars, two years after launch (2021).

A pharma HTS site with two Nexus readers “no one is using”: modules unobtainable, PC off the domain, exports breaking LIMS. A biotech called its demo “a disaster” (broke twice, missing accessories). 2023 pharma demo: “our unit laser was broken.” A pharma BRET comparison: “certainly the Nexus was not better.”

1536 LanthaScreen (2013): matched a competing HTS reader’s 15-minute assay quality in 6 minutes, with a 40% larger window. Customers at a 2023 show said a competitor’s new flagship looked like a copy of it.

SelectScience iD3 page (April 2025): 3.2 / 5 from six reviews, featured quote “Don’t buy this one.” A university iD3’s built-in computer failed twice on the same part just past warranty; MD would not cover it; the group bought another make. r/labrats: two MD units returned for refund in ten years.

MD’s tagline on the same page: “Unparalleled performance on a personalized platform.”

A core facility’s handwritten sign: “Please measure nano orange and mCherry plates with filter cubes, not with the monochromator!” In 2026 an Agilent rep sent a customer an AI-drafted comparison labeled a “3rd party Competitive review.”

That comparison gives the H1MF “~7 logs” and concedes the competing BMG reader “up to ~8 logs.”

Almost no high-volume Alpha labs (field experience ties it to the 768-move design). NanoBRET, 2018: “Can’t do it from the bottom.” Caution: in a 2013 top-read TR-FRET demo the original Neo held its own.

A San Diego biotech’s new Spark couldn’t read its assays; service couldn’t fix it; the replacement failed the same way; they switched makes, and the director will take calls. A 2024 European demo: “The Spark… was slow and had bad performance for this plate.”

SelectScience: 4.8 of 5, five reviews, 2023–2025.

A genomics lab’s own PicoGreen QC test at matched 45 µL: signal over background 14.5, 5.2 and 15.2 against 32.9, 29.7 and 31.8 on the reader the lab bought; the lab put the Varioskan above its 20% CV limit. Slide: “Varioskan does not like Picogreen at low conc.”

A 2022 competitive view: “They haven’t released a new reader in years.”